There are 3375 publications affiliated with RAL.

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Publications (Showing 50 )

Kilometer-scale simulation of atmospheric in-cloud ground icing over complex terrain in Norwegian Arctic

Punde, P., Birkelund, Y., Virk, M. S., Han, X., Eidhammer, T.. (2026). Kilometer-scale simulation of atmospheric in-cloud ground icing over complex terrain in Norwegian Arctic. Cold Regions Science and Technology, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2026.104851

RAL Affiliations: HAP

Publication Genre: Article

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Extreme ambient heat and outcomes of assisted reproduction in the continental United States, 1996 to 2018

Gaskins, A. J., Newman, A. J., Kawwass, J. F., Chang, H. H.. (2026). Extreme ambient heat and outcomes of assisted reproduction in the continental United States, 1996 to 2018. Environmental Research, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2026.123783

Background While extreme ambient heat has been associated with several adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes little is known regarding the link between extreme ambient temperatures and human fertility. Objective To evaluate the associations ...

RAL Affiliations: ERAP

Publication Genre: Article

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High-resolution ensemble precipitation and temperature datasets for CONUS based on a probabilistic geospatial estimation approach

Tang, G., Wood, A., Newman, A. J., Kirstetter, P. E., Mueller, C., et al. (2026). High-resolution ensemble precipitation and temperature datasets for CONUS based on a probabilistic geospatial estimation approach. Journal of Hydrology, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.134761

RAL Affiliations: HAP

Publication Genre: Article

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Simulated Hydrologic Impacts of Cloud Seeding in the North Platte and Little Snake River Basins of Wyoming

Dougherty, E. M., Gochis, D., Harrold, M., Tessendorf, S. A., Xue, L., et al. (2026). Simulated Hydrologic Impacts of Cloud Seeding in the North Platte and Little Snake River Basins of Wyoming. Water Resources Research, doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2024wr039383

In the western United States, the recent mega-drought and impacts of climate change have resulted in an interest in cloud seeding to enhance water supplies. Studies and field campaigns focused on cloud seeding across the West have quantifie...

RAL Affiliations: HAP, RALAO

Publication Genre: Article

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Thermodynamics-guided machine learning model for predicting convective boundary layer height and its multi-site applicability

Chu, Y., Lin, G., Deng, M., Xue, L., Li, W., et al. (2026). Thermodynamics-guided machine learning model for predicting convective boundary layer height and its multi-site applicability. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-1415-2026

Accurate estimation of convective boundary layer height (CBLH) is vital for weather, climate, and air quality modeling. Machine learning (ML) shows promise in CBLH prediction, but input parameter selection often lacks physical grounding, li...

RAL Affiliations: HAP, JNT, AAP

Publication Genre: Article

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Quantifying VIIRS and ABI contributions to hourly dead fuel moisture content estimation using machine learning

Schreck, J. S., Petzke, W., Munoz, P. A. J., Brummet, T.. (2026). Quantifying VIIRS and ABI contributions to hourly dead fuel moisture content estimation using machine learning. Remote Sensing, doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/rs18020318

Fuel moisture content (FMC) estimation is essential for wildfire danger assessment and fire behavior modeling. This study quantifies the value of integrating satellite observations from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) ...

RAL Affiliations: TMAP, ERAP

Publication Genre: Article

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Real-time dynamics through snapshot hyperspectral imaging at near-infrared

Zheng, D., McNichols, R., Cao, H., Flynn, C., Stoian, R. I., et al. (2026). Real-time dynamics through snapshot hyperspectral imaging at near-infrared. Optics Continuum, doi:https://doi.org/10.1364/optcon.580185

Monitoring atmospheric water vapor dynamics is important for many atmospheric and hydrologic applications, ranging from weather forecasting and agricultural practices to climate impacts and flood preparedness. To improve the spatiotemporal ...

RAL Affiliations: RALAO

Publication Genre: Article

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Assessment of Offshore Wind and Turbulence Prediction for the Northeast US Using a Three-Dimensional PBL Parameterization in the WRF Model at Gray Zone Resolution

Zaman, T., Juliano, T. W., Kosović, B., Astitha, M.. (2026). Assessment of Offshore Wind and Turbulence Prediction for the Northeast US Using a Three-Dimensional PBL Parameterization in the WRF Model at Gray Zone Resolution. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2025jd044765

RAL Affiliations: WSAP

Publication Genre: Article

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Model sensitivity across scales: A case study of simulating an offshore low-level jet

Hawbecker, P., Lassman, W., Juliano, T. W., Kosović, B., Haupt, S. E.. (2026). Model sensitivity across scales: A case study of simulating an offshore low-level jet. Wind Energy Science, doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-51-2026

Abstract. In this study, a seven-member ensemble of mesoscale-to-microscale simulations with varying sea surface temperature (SST) is conducted for a case in which an offshore low-level jet was observed via floating lidar. The performance o...

RAL Affiliations: WSAP

Publication Genre: Article

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Urban heat mitigation under realistic roof and land area constraints

Kamath, H. G., Lin, T., Sudharsan, N., Fung, K. Y., Zonato, A., et al. (2026). Urban heat mitigation under realistic roof and land area constraints. Environmental Research Letters, doi:https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ae32a7

RAL Affiliations: HAP

Publication Genre: Article

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Integrating climate data and river modeling to reveal Chinook salmon habitat conditions in subarctic river basins

Shaftel, R., Feddern, M. L., McAfee, S. A., Schoen, E. R., Cunningham, C., et al. (2026). Integrating climate data and river modeling to reveal Chinook salmon habitat conditions in subarctic river basins. Ecosphere, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70399

Climatic extremes can impact the productivity of aquatic species, affecting ecosystems and fishery-dependent communities. Advances in climate products, such as gridded datasets and downscaled projections, may be useful for quantifying fresh...

RAL Affiliations: HAP

Publication Genre: Article

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Quantifying uncertainties in modeling wind resource data from different PBL schemes in the WRF model: A case study over the Puerto Rico region

Yang, J., Sengupta, M., Ravi, V., Xie, Y., Shin, H. H., et al. (2026). Quantifying uncertainties in modeling wind resource data from different PBL schemes in the WRF model: A case study over the Puerto Rico region. Atmospheric Research, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108341

This study examines the modeling uncertainty of wind resource data stemming from the use of various planetary boundary layer (PBL) parameterizations available in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. WRF-based wind simulations s...

RAL Affiliations: AAP

Publication Genre: Article

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Radiative and Precipitation Processes Make it Easier to Match the Temperature Record and Harder to Constrain Future Warming

Song, C., Werapitiya, G., McCoy, D. T., Watson-Parris, D., Gettelman, A., et al. (2025). Radiative and Precipitation Processes Make it Easier to Match the Temperature Record and Harder to Constrain Future Warming. Geophysical Research Letters, doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl117386

By examining the historical temperature record during the industrial era, we can infer the climate's sensitivity to radiative perturbations, given knowledge of historical forcings. Energy conservation enforces a negative correlation between...

RAL Affiliations: HAP

Publication Genre: Article

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Explicit Modeling of Near-Surface ABL Turbulence at Sub-Meter Grid Spacings via One-Way LES-to-LES Nesting

Muñoz-Esparza, D., Sauer, J., Kosović, B.. (2025). Explicit Modeling of Near-Surface ABL Turbulence at Sub-Meter Grid Spacings via One-Way LES-to-LES Nesting. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2025jd044934

The feasibility of LES-to-LES nesting technique targeting sub-meter grid spacings is investigated. The proposed one-way nesting approach combines non-uniform vertical grid refinement and a domain vertically embedded within the parent large-...

RAL Affiliations: AAP

Publication Genre: Article

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Moisture sources of precipitation using convection‐permitting simulations: A study over South America

Claros, E., Dominguez, F., Liu, C.. (2025). Moisture sources of precipitation using convection‐permitting simulations: A study over South America. Geophysical Research Letters, doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl118806

Climatological analyses of moisture sources of precipitation have traditionally relied on reanalyses or models that parameterize convection. Convection-permitting models (CPMs) are increasingly used in climate studies, as they better repres...

RAL Affiliations: HAP

Publication Genre: Article

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Moisture from US Corn Belt fuels more intense convective storms

Zhang, Z., Prein, A., He, C., Liu, C., Miguez-Macho, G., et al. (2025). Moisture from US Corn Belt fuels more intense convective storms. Communications Earth & Environment, doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-03089-0

The US Corn Belt is among the world’s most productive agricultural regions and a global hotspot for mesoscale convective systems (MCSs), which supply vital growing season rainfall but also drive hazardous flooding. While evapotranspiration ...

RAL Affiliations: WCAP

Publication Genre: Article

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Emissions from burned structures in wildfires as significant yet unaccounted sources of US air pollution

Tang, W., Wiedinmyer, C., Emmons, L. K., Holder, A. L., Uhl, J. H., et al. (2025). Emissions from burned structures in wildfires as significant yet unaccounted sources of US air pollution. Nature Communications, doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-66292-9

Structure fires in the wildland–urban interface (WUI) are becoming more frequent and destructive, yet their emissions of air pollutants remain poorly quantified and are not included in national inventories. Here we present a conterminous-sc...

RAL Affiliations: HAP

Publication Genre: Article

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Understanding mesoscale convective processes over the Congo Basin using the Model for Prediction Across Scales-Atmosphere (MPAS-A)

Zhao, S., Fu, R., Ocasio, K. M. N., Nystrom, R. G., He, C., et al. (2025). Understanding mesoscale convective processes over the Congo Basin using the Model for Prediction Across Scales-Atmosphere (MPAS-A). Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-17301-2025

Abstract. The Congo Basin in Central Africa is one of three convective centers in the tropics, characterized by a high proportion of precipitation produced by mesoscale convective systems (MCSs). However, process-level understanding of thes...

RAL Affiliations: HAP

Publication Genre: Article

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Recent Advances in Snow Monitoring from Local to Global Scales

Revuelto, J., Alonso-González, E., Deschamps-Berger, C., Gutmann, E. D., López-Moreno, J. I.. (2025). Recent Advances in Snow Monitoring from Local to Global Scales. Current Climate Change Reports, doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s40641-025-00207-0

Purpose of Review: Snow-related processes occur over a large range of spatial scales. Studying these processes therefore requires observation techniques with different spatial coverages, from short-range (up to several meters) to medium-ran...

RAL Affiliations: RALAO

Publication Genre: Article

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Ensemble learning for enhancing critical infrastructure resilience to urban flooding

Bhattarai, Y., Chaudhary, V., Walker, C., Talchabhadel, R., Sharma, S.. (2025). Ensemble learning for enhancing critical infrastructure resilience to urban flooding. Scientific Reports, doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-20970-2

Extreme rainfall and flooding severely impact urban systems by disrupting access to critical services, interrupting mobility, and posing challenges for emergency management. Accurate road network flood prediction remains challenging due to ...

RAL Affiliations: WSAP

Publication Genre: Article

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New climate change center of Saudi Arabia: Advancing understanding and prediction for the Arabian Peninsula climate

Hoteit, I., Abualnaja, Y., Afzal, S., Aman, C., Antony, C., et al. (2025). New climate change center of Saudi Arabia: Advancing understanding and prediction for the Arabian Peninsula climate. Earth's Future, doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2025ef006296

The desert climate of the Arabian Peninsula (AP), marked by sparse rainfall, extreme temperatures, and frequent dust events, significantly impacts its 80-million population, environment, and economy. Rising temperatures and dust incursions ...

RAL Affiliations: RALAO

Publication Genre: Article

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Toward co‐designed Earth system models: Reflecting end‐user priorities in local applications from a modeler's perspective

Cheng, Y., Herman-Mercer, N., Newman, A. J., Musselman, K., Woelfle-Hazard, C., et al. (2025). Toward co‐designed Earth system models: Reflecting end‐user priorities in local applications from a modeler's perspective. AGU Advances, doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2025av001921

Earth System Models (ESM) are crucial for quantifying climate impacts across Earth's interconnected systems and supporting science-based adaptation and mitigation. However, not including end-users, especially decision-makers representing co...

RAL Affiliations: HAP

Publication Genre: Article

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Shifting dominant periods in extreme climate impacts under global warming

Zantout, K., Balkovic, J., Billing, M., Folberth, C., Gosling, S. N., et al. (2025). Shifting dominant periods in extreme climate impacts under global warming. Nature Communications, doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-65600-7

Spatio-temporal patterns of extreme climate events have been extensively studied, yet two questions remain underexplored: Do such events occur regularly, and how do regularity patterns change under global warming? We address these questions...

RAL Affiliations: HAP

Publication Genre: Article

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Sociodemographic Determinants of Extreme Heat and Ozone Risk Among Older Adults in 3 Sun Belt Cities

Crank, P., O'lenick, C., Baniassadi, A., Sailor, D., Wilhelmi, O., et al. (2025). Sociodemographic Determinants of Extreme Heat and Ozone Risk Among Older Adults in 3 Sun Belt Cities. Innovation in Aging, doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaf122.1353

RAL Affiliations: NSAP

Publication Genre: Article

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Multiple Fire Index Examination of Future Climate Change Affecting Wildfire Seasonality and Extremes in the Contiguous United States

Kessenich, L., Bukovsky, M., McCrary, R., McGinnis, S. A., Mearns, L. O., et al. (2025). Multiple Fire Index Examination of Future Climate Change Affecting Wildfire Seasonality and Extremes in the Contiguous United States. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, doi:https://doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-24-0230.1

Climate change is impacting wildfires in the contiguous United States; thus, projections of fire danger under climate change have the potential to inform responses to changing wildfire risks. We calculate fire indices for 13 dynamically dow...

RAL Affiliations: RISC

Publication Genre: Article

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Extratropical Cloud Feedback Constrained by Cloud Sources and Sinks in Cyclones

Werapitiya, G., McCoy, D. T., Elsaesser, G. S., Gettelman, A., Eidhammer, T., et al. (2025). Extratropical Cloud Feedback Constrained by Cloud Sources and Sinks in Cyclones. Journal of Climate, doi:https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-24-0607.1

RAL Affiliations: HAP

Publication Genre: Article

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Evaluating the time of occurrence of selected global warming levels for CMIP5 and CMIP6 models

Tye, M., McCrary, R., Stuivenvolt-Allen, J., Abdelaal, A., Liel, A.. (2025). Evaluating the time of occurrence of selected global warming levels for CMIP5 and CMIP6 models. NCAR Technical Notes, doi:https://doi.org/10.5065/c62c-ay86

This technical note explains the rationale for choosing to work with changes in global mean temperature (also known as "Global Warming Levels"; GWL) rather than defined periods in the future. It documents the methodology used to estimate ch...

RAL Affiliations: RISC, NSAP

Publication Genre: Technical Report

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Sensitivity of regional WRF‐CHEM air quality and weather simulations to biomass‐burning emission data sets: A case study of the impact of Canadian wildfire on the US

Wu, S., Kumar, R., Li, P., Kotamarthi, R., Collis, S., et al. (2025). Sensitivity of regional WRF‐CHEM air quality and weather simulations to biomass‐burning emission data sets: A case study of the impact of Canadian wildfire on the US. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JD043944

This study focuses on the period from June 26 to 29, 2023, when record‐breaking Canadian wildfires severely impacted air quality in the Midwest United States. Using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model with Chemistry (WRF‐Chem) and fo...

RAL Affiliations: RALAO, NSAP

Publication Genre: Article

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Evaluation of the Unified Forecast System Air Quality Model (UFS‐AQM) online air quality prediction system during the 2020 US wildfire season

Rozoff, C. M., Kumar, R., Tang, W., McCarthy, P., Lee, J., et al. (2025). Evaluation of the Unified Forecast System Air Quality Model (UFS‐AQM) online air quality prediction system during the 2020 US wildfire season. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JD044456

In 2020, a record‐breaking 10.1 million acres burned in US wildfires. To investigate this prolific fire season's impacts on US air quality, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)'s 72‐hr Unified Forecast System Air Qual...

RAL Affiliations: NSAP, RALAO, AAP, WSAP

Publication Genre: Article

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Aircraft in-situ measurements from SOCRATES constrain the anthropogenic perturbations of cloud droplet number

Song, C., McCoy, D. T., McCoy, I. L., Brown, H., Gettelman, A., et al. (2025). Aircraft in-situ measurements from SOCRATES constrain the anthropogenic perturbations of cloud droplet number. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-16063-2025

Abstract. Aerosol-cloud interactions (ACI) in warm clouds alter reflected shortwave radiation by influencing cloud microphysical and macrophysical properties. The variable of state controlling ACI is the cloud droplet number concentration (...

RAL Affiliations: HAP

Publication Genre: Article

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Impacts of Northerly Low-Level Jets on Mesoscale Convective Systems East of the Andes

Mu, Y., Jones, C., Carvalho, L. M., Kukulies, J., Prein, A., et al. (2025). Impacts of Northerly Low-Level Jets on Mesoscale Convective Systems East of the Andes. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2025jd043842

Low-level jets (LLJs) play a critical role in moisture transport, vertical motion enhancement, and orographic lifting, frequently leading to deep, organized convection formation in South America. This study examines the impacts of three typ...

RAL Affiliations: HAP

Publication Genre: Article

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Will assimilating VIIRS AOD data improve New Delhi's air pollution forecasts as much as assimilating MODIS AOD?

Kumar, R., Meech, S., Yadav, P. P., Cheng, W. Y. Y., Ghude, S. D., et al. (2025). Will assimilating VIIRS AOD data improve New Delhi's air pollution forecasts as much as assimilating MODIS AOD?. Atmospheric Environment, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121526

This study examines whether fine particulate matter (PM2.5) forecasts in New Delhi will continue to benefit from assimilation of Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrievals in the same way as has...

RAL Affiliations: NSAP, WSAP

Publication Genre: Article

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Benchmarking and evaluating the NASA Land Information System (version 7.5.2) coupled with the refactored Noah-MP land surface model (version 5.0)

He, C., Lin, T., Mocko, D. M., Abolafia-Rosenzweig, R., Wegiel, J. W., et al. (2025). Benchmarking and evaluating the NASA Land Information System (version 7.5.2) coupled with the refactored Noah-MP land surface model (version 5.0). Geoscientific Model Development, doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-8439-2025

Abstract. We integrate the refactored community Noah-MP version 5.0 model with the NASA Land Information System (LIS) version 7.5.2 to streamline the synchronization, development, and maintenance of Noah-MP within LIS and to enhance their i...

RAL Affiliations: HAP

Publication Genre: Article

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The geography of nowhere in the anthropocene technosphere

Wildcat, D., Schneider, T.. (2025). The geography of nowhere in the anthropocene technosphere. Journal of Geography, doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00221341.2025.2575938

Through an auto-ethnographic approach, we compare two views of technology focusing on the “place” of technology in the world we live in: an Indigenous conception of the value of technology (VTEK) compared to a modern extractive conception (...

RAL Affiliations: RALAO

Publication Genre: Article

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Initiation of a Record-Breaking Rainfall Event in Beijing, China, Associated with a Penetrating Inland Sea-Breeze Front

Xiao, X., Sun, J., Xu, C., Ying, Z., Li, J., et al. (2025). Initiation of a Record-Breaking Rainfall Event in Beijing, China, Associated with a Penetrating Inland Sea-Breeze Front. Monthly Weather Review, doi:https://doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-24-0194.1

In summer, many sea-breeze fronts (SBFs) are observed propagating from the sea to inland areas. However, there has been an absence of in-depth studies on whether and how these SBFs alone initiate convection initiation (CI) inland. We select...

RAL Affiliations: HAP

Publication Genre: Article

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A Significant Tornado Event near a Dryline Bulge in Northern Italy

MARTIN, F. D., Pavan, F., Carlon, N., Cioni, G., Rozoff, C. M., et al. (2025). A Significant Tornado Event near a Dryline Bulge in Northern Italy. Weather and Forecasting, doi:https://doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-25-0071.1

A multiscale observational analysis of a 1.5-km-wide IF3 (International Fujita scale) tornado in northern Italy is conducted using radar and sounding data, ground weather stations, and damage surveys. The tornado occurred close to Alfonsine...

RAL Affiliations: NSAP

Publication Genre: Article

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Seasonal Forecasting of Precipitation-Relevant Weather Types over the United States

Towler, E. L., Done, J. M., Ge, M., Gilleland, E., Prein, A.. (2025). Seasonal Forecasting of Precipitation-Relevant Weather Types over the United States. Weather and Forecasting, doi:https://doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-24-0230.1

This paper evaluates seasonal forecasts of weather types (WTs), i.e., recurring large-scale atmospheric patterns, which have been developed using a clustering method using large-scale predictors to represent precipitation variability across...

RAL Affiliations: JNT

Publication Genre: Article

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Improving AI Weather Prediction Models Using Global Mass and Energy Conservation Schemes

Sha, Y., Schreck, J. S., Chapman, W., Gagne, D. J.. (2025). Improving AI Weather Prediction Models Using Global Mass and Energy Conservation Schemes. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2025ms005138

Artificial Intelligence (AI) weather prediction (AIWP) models are powerful tools for medium-range forecasts but often lack physical consistency, leading to outputs that violate conservation laws. This study introduces a set of novel physics...

RAL Affiliations: HAP

Publication Genre: Article

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Impact of Boundary Layer Processes on Systematic Winter Temperature Bias in a Regional Climate Model

Shin, S., Chao, D., Lee, M., Yoon, D., Shin, H. H., et al. (2025). Impact of Boundary Layer Processes on Systematic Winter Temperature Bias in a Regional Climate Model. Journal of Climate, doi:https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-24-0751.1

RAL Affiliations: AAP

Publication Genre: Article

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Enhancing Global-Scale Urban Land Cover Representation Using Local Climate Zones in the Community Earth System Model

Sun, Y., Oleson, K. W., Zhao, L., Mills, G., He, C., et al. (2025). Enhancing Global-Scale Urban Land Cover Representation Using Local Climate Zones in the Community Earth System Model. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2025ms004934

Urban areas are increasingly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, necessitating accurate simulations of urban climates in Earth system models (ESMs) in support of large-scale urban climate adaptation efforts. ESMs underrepresent urb...

RAL Affiliations: HAP

Publication Genre: Article

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The Properties of Individual Fire Events Are Essential for Understanding Global Fire Regimes

Mahood, A. L., Tuff, T., Cattau, M. E., Iglesias, V., Hanson, T. E., et al. (2025). The Properties of Individual Fire Events Are Essential for Understanding Global Fire Regimes. Global Ecology and Biogeography, doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70145

RAL Affiliations: NSAP

Publication Genre: Article

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Investigating the Use of Terrain-Following Coordinates in AI-Driven Precipitation Forecasts

Sha, Y., Schreck, J. S., Chapman, W., Gagne, D. J.. (2025). Investigating the Use of Terrain-Following Coordinates in AI-Driven Precipitation Forecasts. Geophysical Research Letters, doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl118478

Artificial Intelligence (AI) weather prediction (AIWP) models often produce "blurry" precipitation forecasts. This study presents a novel solution to tackle this problem—integrating terrain-following coordinates into AIWP models. Forecast e...

RAL Affiliations: HAP

Publication Genre: Article

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Atmospheric nonlinearity controls ENSO asymmetry in a hybrid statistical-dynamical climate model

Stuivenvolt-Allen, J., Fedorov, A. V.. (2025). Atmospheric nonlinearity controls ENSO asymmetry in a hybrid statistical-dynamical climate model. Geophysical Research Letters, doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl117456

The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phases are asymmetrical, with El Niño exhibiting greater sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies compared to La Niña, though La Niña can persist for longer. This asymmetry results in a positive skewne...

RAL Affiliations: ERAP

Publication Genre: Article

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Urban weather modeling using WRF: Linking physical assumptions, code implementation, and observational needs

Joshi, P., Lin, T., He, C., Lamer, K.. (2025). Urban weather modeling using WRF: Linking physical assumptions, code implementation, and observational needs. Geoscientific Model Development, doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-7869-2025

Abstract. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model includes urban schemes that simulate the influence of urban surfaces on the atmosphere using parameterizations for flux, and radiative exchanges. Three core schemes – the Bulk urban...

RAL Affiliations: WCAP

Publication Genre: Article

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Underestimation of Historical Terrestrial Water Storage Droughts in Global Water Models

Tiwari, A. D., Pokhrel, Y., Felfelani, F., Elkouk, A., Boulange, J., et al. (2025). Underestimation of Historical Terrestrial Water Storage Droughts in Global Water Models. Geophysical Research Letters, doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl115164

Enhanced drought modeling is crucial for realistic prediction and effective management of water resources, especially with climate change anticipated to exacerbate drought frequency and severity. Global water models (GWMs) simulate historic...

RAL Affiliations: HAP

Publication Genre: Article

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Advancing Ensemble Streamflow Prediction Through Satellite-Based Precipitation Product and Model Parameter Uncertainty Quantification

Peng, K., Wright, D. B., Derin, Y., Alexander, G. A., Pradhan, A., et al. (2025). Advancing Ensemble Streamflow Prediction Through Satellite-Based Precipitation Product and Model Parameter Uncertainty Quantification. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2025ms004953

Publication Genre: Article

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Multimodel and Multidiagnostic Ensemble-Based Deep Convective Area Forecast for Aviation Operations Using the Global Unified Model and Korean Integrated Model

Park, Y. J., Kim, J. H., Lee, D. B., Choi, H. J., Kim, S. H., et al. (2025). Multimodel and Multidiagnostic Ensemble-Based Deep Convective Area Forecast for Aviation Operations Using the Global Unified Model and Korean Integrated Model. Weather and Forecasting, doi:https://doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-25-0006.1

To provide safe and efficient guidance for aircraft operation to avoid deep convective areas (DCAs) in Korea and broader East Asia, we developed a multimodel and multidiagnostic ensemble (MMDE)-based forecast system. This system utilizes tw...

RAL Affiliations: RALAO

Publication Genre: Article

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FLEE 2.0

Harris, A., Morss, R. E., Davis, C. A., Roebber, P., Boehnert, J. M. R.. (2025). FLEE 2.0. Weather, Climate, and Society, doi:https://doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-24-0112.1

For this study, we present and evaluate an improved agent-based modeling framework, the Forecasting Laboratory for Exploring the Evacuation-system, version 2.0 (FLEE 2.0), designed to investigate relationships between hurricane forecast unc...

RAL Affiliations: NSAP

Publication Genre: Article

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Sequential Precipitation Input Tagging (SPIT) to Estimate Water Transit Times and Hydrologic Tracer Dynamics Within Water-Tagging Enabled Hydrologic Models

Butler, Z., Good, S., Hu, H., Chen, X., Dugger, A. L.. (2025). Sequential Precipitation Input Tagging (SPIT) to Estimate Water Transit Times and Hydrologic Tracer Dynamics Within Water-Tagging Enabled Hydrologic Models. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2024ms004765

Determining the age distribution of water exiting a catchment is important for understanding groundwater storage and mixing. New water-tagging capabilities within models track precipitation events as they move through simulated storages, ye...

RAL Affiliations: HAP

Publication Genre: Article

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Response of African easterly waves to a warming climate: A convection-permitting approach

Ocasio, K. M. N., Dougherty, E. M., Moon, Z. L., Davis, C. A.. (2025). Response of African easterly waves to a warming climate: A convection-permitting approach. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2025ms005146

As the atmosphere warms, tropical cyclones (TCs) and their precursors, like African easterly waves (AEWs), will respond. While TC changes in a warmer climate have been studied, AEW evolution remains uncertain. Using a novel storm-resolving ...

RAL Affiliations: WCAP

Publication Genre: Article

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